An organism is any living thing that functions as an individual.1 Such a definition raises more problems than it solves, not least because the concept of an individual is also difficult. Several criteria, few of which are widely accepted, have been proposed to define what constitutes an organism. Among the most common is that an organism has autonomous reproduction, growth, and metabolism. This would exclude viruses, even though they evolve like organisms.
"Living creatures" redirects here. For the class of heavenly beings in Judaism, see Living creatures (Bible).
"Forms of life" redirects here. For the Wittgensteinian concept, see Form of life. For the biological concept, see Outline of life forms.
Other problematic cases include colonial organisms; a colony of eusocial insects is organised adaptively, and has germ-soma specialisation, with some insects reproducing, others not, like cells in an animal's body. The body of a siphonophore, a jelly-like marine animal, is composed of organism-like zooids, but the whole structure looks and functions much like an animal such as a , the parts collaborating to provide the functions of the colonial organism.
