 Province of Canada | |
| Country | Canada |
|---|---|
| Before confederation | Canada East |
| Confederation | July 1, 1867 (1st, with New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario) |
| Capital | Quebec City |
| Largest city | Montreal |
| Largest metro | Greater Montreal |
| • Type | Parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| • Lieutenant Governor | Manon Jeannotte |
| • Premier | Paul Saint-Pierre Plamondon |
| Legislature | National Assembly of Quebec |
|---|
| Federal representation | Parliament of Canada |
|---|
| House seats | 78 of 343 (22.7%) |
|---|
| Senate seats | 24 of 105 (22.9%) |
|---|
| • Total | 1,542,057 km2 (595,392 sq mi) |
|---|
| • Land | 1,365,129 km2 (527,079 sq mi) |
|---|
| • Water | 176,928 km2 (68,312 sq mi) 11.5% |
|---|
Quebeca (French: Québec)b is Canada's largest province by area.11c Located in Central Canada, it is the country's only Francophone-majority province. It is home to speakers of Québécois French. It shares borders with Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, New Brunswick to the southeast and a coastal border with the territory of Nunavut. To the south, it borders the United States.d Quebec has a population of around eight million, making it Canada's second-most populous province, behind Ontario.
This article is about the Canadian province. For the province's capital city, see Quebec City. For the historical province, see Province of Quebec (1763–1791). For other uses, see Quebec (disambiguation).
Between 1534 and 1763, what became Quebec was the French colony of Canada and was the most developed colony in New France. Following the Seven Years' War, Canada became a British colony, first as the Province of Quebec (1763–1791), then Lower Canada (1791–1841), and lastly part of the Province of Canada (1841–1867) as a result of the Lower Canada Rebellion. It was confederated with Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick in 1867. The Catholic Church played a large role in Quebec's social and cultural institutions until the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s to 1980s increased the role of the Government of Quebec in l'État québécois (the public authority of Quebec).
The Government of Quebec functions within the context of Canada's Westminster system and is both a liberal democracy and a constitutional monarchy. The Premier of Quebec is head of government. Independence debates have played a large role in Quebec politics. Quebec society's cohesion and specificity is based on three of its unique statutory documents: the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, the Charter of the French Language, and the Civil Code of Quebec. Furthermore, unlike the other provinces which use a common-law system, law in Quebec is mixed: private law is exercised under a civil law system, while public law is exercised under a common-law system.
The economy is mainly supported by its large service sector and varied industrial sector. Its exports are mainly aeronautics, hydroelectricity, mining, pharmaceuticals, aluminum, wood, and paper. Quebec is well known for producing maple syrup, for its comedy, and for making ice hockey one of Canada's most popular sports. The province's cultural products include literature, music, films, TV shows, and festivals.
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